Informatics Publishing Limited

Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Gurmeet Kaur ¹, Sanjay Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 ECE Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN
2 ECE Department, Thapar University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

We investigate dual pump Fiber Optical Parametric amplifier (FOPA) for wide gain bandwidth. With careful optimization of parameters of fiber used for amplification, dual pump FOPAs can effectively serve as high gain saturated, broadband amplifiers. Type of fiber and its characteristics strongly affect the peak gain and bandwidth of the dual pump FOPA. We attempt to optimize the fiber parameters for maximized gain in dual pump FOPAs. Simulation results are based on analytical modeling of dual pump FOPA. Based on these investigation results we demonstrate a flat gain amplifier with peak gain of 38 dB over wide bandwidth of 228 nm using short length Photonic crystal Fibers (PCFs) with high non-linearity (γ>50). We also demonstrate improved gain saturation in dual pump over single pump FOPA.

Keywords

Parametric Amplifiers, Broadband Amplification, Flat Gain, Dual Pump, Gain Saturation.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Abhilasha ¹

Affiliations
1 GZS PTU Campus, Bathinda, Punjab, IN

Abstract

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of distributed autonomous devices called sensor nodes (SNs). Sensor nodes monitors physical or environmental conditions like temperature, sound, vibration, pressure at different locations. Different wireless sensor network applications, like battlefield surveillance, health monitoring, disaster management and earthquake response systems, are developed to cope up with fast changing events in the real world. Each underlying communication infrastructure is required to meet real-time constraints and Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Spatiotemporal communication protocol, called SPEED, is a real-time QoS protocol. SPEED supports spatiotemporal communication service by ensuring a desired delivery speed across the sensor network, and making end-to-end delay proportional to the distance between the source and destination. Limited power resources pose a great challenge in meeting QoS real-time routing. The purpose of the research carried is optimize SPEED protocol routing using Genetic Algorithm (GA).The whole simulation is taken place in the MATLAB environment.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Quality-of-Service (QoS), SPEED, Optimization, Genetic Algorithm (GA).

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Priyanka Jarial ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, University College of Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

In the area of digital image compression, computer algorithms are used to perform processing of images and compression. It deals with developing a digital system that perform operations on digital image. It has many advantages using in digital camera, film, satellite, X-ray and many more applications. Image compression is a technique used to save the storage space normally used to compress images and videos. Number of compression algorithms are used like run length encoding, huffman coding, discrete cosine transform, vector quantization, fuzzy transform. This gives a brief idea on improved fuzzy technique to reduce noise in compressing image. There are so many techniques for compression but in this only present the techniques of improved fuzzy method to reduce noise and compressed the image by using edge detection. The main idea behind applying this is to preserve the well significant edges as Jpeg is the popular standard but at low bit rate Jpeg exhibits blocking artifacts means noisy effects that affect the visual image quality so as to produce high visual quality image at low bit rate, the algorithm is efficient and simple. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps. First, image is preprocessed using competitive fuzzy edge detection. Second, based on edge information image is compressed and decompressed using improved fuzzy transform. Third, reconstructed image is postprocessed using hybrid median filter for artifact reduction. Analysis proves the superiority of proposed algorithm. The results of different number of coefficients are compared with the value of PSNR, MSE of algorithm. After comparison of techniques it is found to be efficient for visualisation.

Keywords

Edge Detection, Improved Fuzzy, Artifact Reduction, LV, MV, HV, CFED.

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Harpritpal Singh ¹, Gaganpreet Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib, IN

Abstract

WSN is an emerging area for sensing information from non-approachable fields. In this fields sensor nodes have been deployed for sensing information. Sink node collects information from sensor nodes based on routing strategy. In this paper improved congestion avoidance in WSN approach has been purposed for regular delivery of data from sensing nodes. Due to congestion much amount of meaningful information gets loss and create burden on network for retransmitting. In this paper dynamic cluster based approach has been purposed that works with CSNM for congestion management. Numerical value of various parameters represents best results than previous approaches.

Keywords

Wireless Scenario, Cluster Head, Congestion Control Algorithm, Cycle Algorithm.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Dowry is considered to be an integral part of marriage ceremony. The present investigation was carried out in rural areas of Punjab to determine the causes and consequences of dowry in Rural Punjab. The data were collected personally from the two generations i.e. Mother-in-laws (G1) and daughter-in –laws (G2). The findings depicted that majority of motherin- laws were in the age group of 50-57 years and daughter-in-laws were in age group 26-33 years. Most of the respondents reported that dowry was important in settling of the marriage in both the generations. Majority of G1 respondents had no indication of dowry from the groom side whereas G2 respondents had complete indication of dowry before marriage. It was noted that mother-in-laws demanded the dowry in both the generations. The findings further revealed that dowry is practiced as a tradition and more land holding of groom/ bride are important factors contributing to the dowry payments. Also, a large number of G2 respondents highlighted that abroad settled groom aspire more dowries. All the respondents reported female feoticide as the main irony of dowry system. Other consequences felt by the respondents were the domestic violence, divorce, burden on the bride’s parents and ill-treatment by in-laws. Both the respondents perceived dowry as a medium to enhance status of bride in the in-laws families followed by feeling of confidence by bride after receiving dowry from parents. However, it is ironic that the cruel cultural practice has deeply enischolar_mained in marriage institution.

Keywords

Dowry, Cause, Effect Syndrome.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The study focused to determine the change and continuity in cultural practices related to marriages. The present study was carried out in three cultural zones of Punjab viz., Malwa, Majha and Doaba. The data were collected personally from the two types of respondents viz., Mother-in-laws (G1) and daughter-in –laws (G2) constituting a sample of 360 respondents each. Majority of the G1 and G2 respondents performed ‘Roka/Thaka’ ceremonies followed by ‘Chunni Chadana’ ceremony. Majority (69.44 %) of G2 respondents had Ring ceremony and (69.72 %) performed Shagun ceremony whereas only few of first generation (G1) respondents performed both these ceremonies. In G1 respondents, Ladies sangeet was performed only by the ladies from adjoining houses and villages whereas in case of G2 respondents the DJ’s replaced the traditional sangeet. The traditional sweets such as Ladoos were replaced by costly sweets, dry fuits and chocolates in second generation. All the respondents of G1 respondents prepared hand knitted items, phulkaris, pakhiyan as dowry items but very few of G2 respondents prepared them. The traditional ceremonies such as Din bandhana, Atte pani pauna, Bambiha bulana, Sithniyan are being lesser followed by G2 respondents. There was a shift regarding believe in astrology as only 28.61 per cent of G2 respondents believed in astrology. So, it was seen that there is a continuity of traditional ceremonies but a major shift in performing ladies sangeet, kind of dowry items, and sweets served was seen nowadays. People maintain ceremonies as traditional while simultaneously appropriating them for changes in broader society. Keeping traditional ceremonies as a way of preserving cultural identity in a society that is becoming more influenced by global trends.

Keywords

Ceremonies, Change, Continuity, Marriage.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Atinder Pal Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN
2 Extension Scientist, Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Corona Virus disease infected a large number of people globally and cause huge number of deaths worldwide. The knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 plays an important role in determining society's readiness to accept the changes and provide a useful insight to address poor knowledge about disease. The present study aim to assess the knowledge, attitude as well as practice regarding covid-19 among 300 participants to evaluate the satisfaction towards government efforts to fight covid-19. The study suggested that the respondents had knowledge that there is no drug available for Covid 19 and knew covering nose and mouth with mask and using alcohol based hand sanitizer could prevent the disease. The respondents had a positive attitude towards winning war against corona virus and they also stated by adopting safety measures we can together fight against corona and defeat it. As regard to practises followed by respondents, they were avoiding large gatherings and were wearing masks while going out of their houses. Use of preventive measures creates less panic among respondents and ready to adapt changes during lockdown has showed positive attitude towards government instructions. The study suggested that people must routinize their behaviour and practise the interventions stated by the government to control Covid 19.

Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude, Covid 19, Practises.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹, Atinder Pal Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Media becomes an integral part of our life. With the growth and development of technology, it creates revolution in media industry and it grows to television, films, radio, the internet and other new media applications. Media also played a big role in today's scenario in which we all are struggling covid-19. The present paper is focused upon how media effect and created people perception about covid-19. The data was collected online by 150 respondents including both male and female from urban city of Ludhiana. Snowball sampling method was used to make contact with respondents. Study revealed that firsthand information about Covid19 was received via media. Media was used as a source of information as well as entertainment. Less than half i.e. 48.6% of the respondents quoted the panic to purchase grocery as well as medicines was due to news spread by social media. Media also played a positive role to connect family and friends; becomes a source to create a virtual families during pandemic. Along with this, there is a flip side of media that it creates fake news and increased stress among people. The public sphere created by media, should be critically examined. The discourse used by media need to be evaluated thoroughly by society.

Keywords

Media, Covid-19, Fake News, Virtual Families.

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Gaganpreet Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Management Studies, Panth Rattan Jathedar Gurcharan Singh Tohra Institute of Advance Studies in Sikhism, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Micro and small enterprises are influenced a lot by the adoption of information technology in terms of performance. So, the prime aim of the study is the adoption of information technology and its effects on the operational performance of micro and small enterprises in rural areas. A sample of 500 respondent firms from Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh have been collected from the healthcare services and hospitality sector. To reach the target population, judgmental sampling technique has been used. Multiple regression technique has been applied to analyse the results. The study found that the independent variable investment in information technology has a positive impact on the operational performance. So, it is suggested that more and more investments in operational performance enhance entrepreneurial performance, help in survival, and generate profits.

Keywords

Information Technology, Operational Performance, Micro and Small Firms, Rural Areas, Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh

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